diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/channel.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/channel.ts
index e0752cf70..9b2a0efc2 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/channel.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/channel.ts
@@ -164,13 +164,15 @@ export const matrixPlugin: ChannelPlugin<ResolvedMatrixAccount> = {
   },
   messaging: {
     normalizeTarget: normalizeMatrixMessagingTarget,
-    looksLikeTargetId: (raw) => {
-      const trimmed = raw.trim();
-      if (!trimmed) return false;
-      if (/^(matrix:)?[!#@]/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
-      return trimmed.includes(":");
+    targetResolver: {
+      looksLikeId: (raw) => {
+        const trimmed = raw.trim();
+        if (!trimmed) return false;
+        if (/^(matrix:)?[!#@]/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
+        return trimmed.includes(":");
+      },
+      hint: "<room|alias|user>",
     },
-    targetHint: "<room|alias|user>",
   },
   directory: {
     self: async () => null,
diff --git a/extensions/msteams/src/channel.ts b/extensions/msteams/src/channel.ts
index a41dcff7a..17fad386e 100644
--- a/extensions/msteams/src/channel.ts
+++ b/extensions/msteams/src/channel.ts
@@ -133,13 +133,15 @@ export const msteamsPlugin: ChannelPlugin<ResolvedMSTeamsAccount> = {
   },
   messaging: {
     normalizeTarget: normalizeMSTeamsMessagingTarget,
-    looksLikeTargetId: (raw) => {
-      const trimmed = raw.trim();
-      if (!trimmed) return false;
-      if (/^(conversation:|user:)/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
-      return trimmed.includes("@thread");
+    targetResolver: {
+      looksLikeId: (raw) => {
+        const trimmed = raw.trim();
+        if (!trimmed) return false;
+        if (/^(conversation:|user:)/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
+        return trimmed.includes("@thread");
+      },
+      hint: "<conversationId|user:ID|conversation:ID>",
     },
-    targetHint: "<conversationId|user:ID|conversation:ID>",
   },
   directory: {
     self: async () => null,
diff --git a/extensions/zalo/src/channel.ts b/extensions/zalo/src/channel.ts
index 0104437b7..61048a16a 100644
--- a/extensions/zalo/src/channel.ts
+++ b/extensions/zalo/src/channel.ts
@@ -150,12 +150,14 @@ export const zaloPlugin: ChannelPlugin<ResolvedZaloAccount> = {
   actions: zaloMessageActions,
   messaging: {
     normalizeTarget: normalizeZaloMessagingTarget,
-    looksLikeTargetId: (raw) => {
-      const trimmed = raw.trim();
-      if (!trimmed) return false;
-      return /^\d{3,}$/.test(trimmed);
+    targetResolver: {
+      looksLikeId: (raw) => {
+        const trimmed = raw.trim();
+        if (!trimmed) return false;
+        return /^\d{3,}$/.test(trimmed);
+      },
+      hint: "<chatId>",
     },
-    targetHint: "<chatId>",
   },
   directory: {
     self: async () => null,
diff --git a/extensions/zalouser/src/channel.ts b/extensions/zalouser/src/channel.ts
index ac581d1f2..8cab366ec 100644
--- a/extensions/zalouser/src/channel.ts
+++ b/extensions/zalouser/src/channel.ts
@@ -218,12 +218,14 @@ export const zalouserPlugin: ChannelPlugin<ResolvedZalouserAccount> = {
       if (!trimmed) return undefined;
       return trimmed.replace(/^(zalouser|zlu):/i, "");
     },
-    looksLikeTargetId: (raw) => {
-      const trimmed = raw.trim();
-      if (!trimmed) return false;
-      return /^\d{3,}$/.test(trimmed);
+    targetResolver: {
+      looksLikeId: (raw) => {
+        const trimmed = raw.trim();
+        if (!trimmed) return false;
+        return /^\d{3,}$/.test(trimmed);
+      },
+      hint: "<threadId>",
     },
-    targetHint: "<threadId>",
   },
   directory: {
     self: async ({ cfg, accountId, runtime }) => {
diff --git a/src/channels/plugins/index.ts b/src/channels/plugins/index.ts
index 49e1767c8..a83d14186 100644
--- a/src/channels/plugins/index.ts
+++ b/src/channels/plugins/index.ts
@@ -74,4 +74,15 @@ export function normalizeChannelId(raw?: string | null): ChannelId | null {
 }
 
 export { discordPlugin, imessagePlugin, signalPlugin, slackPlugin, telegramPlugin, whatsappPlugin };
+export {
+  listDiscordDirectoryGroupsFromConfig,
+  listDiscordDirectoryPeersFromConfig,
+  listSlackDirectoryGroupsFromConfig,
+  listSlackDirectoryPeersFromConfig,
+  listTelegramDirectoryGroupsFromConfig,
+  listTelegramDirectoryPeersFromConfig,
+  listWhatsAppDirectoryGroupsFromConfig,
+  listWhatsAppDirectoryPeersFromConfig,
+  type DirectoryConfigParams,
+} from "./directory-config.js";
 export type { ChannelId, ChannelPlugin } from "./types.js";
diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/target-errors.ts b/src/infra/outbound/target-errors.ts
index 14caf79c3..f6d303cb9 100644
--- a/src/infra/outbound/target-errors.ts
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/target-errors.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+import { formatTargetHint } from "./target-format.js";
+
 export function missingTargetMessage(provider: string, hint?: string): string {
-  return `Delivering to ${provider} requires target${formatHint(hint)}`;
+  return `Delivering to ${provider} requires target${formatTargetHint(hint)}`;
 }
 
 export function missingTargetError(provider: string, hint?: string): Error {
@@ -7,7 +9,7 @@ export function missingTargetError(provider: string, hint?: string): Error {
 }
 
 export function ambiguousTargetMessage(provider: string, raw: string, hint?: string): string {
-  return `Ambiguous target "${raw}" for ${provider}. Provide a unique name or an explicit id.${formatHint(hint, true)}`;
+  return `Ambiguous target "${raw}" for ${provider}. Provide a unique name or an explicit id.${formatTargetHint(hint, true)}`;
 }
 
 export function ambiguousTargetError(provider: string, raw: string, hint?: string): Error {
@@ -15,14 +17,9 @@ export function ambiguousTargetError(provider: string, raw: string, hint?: strin
 }
 
 export function unknownTargetMessage(provider: string, raw: string, hint?: string): string {
-  return `Unknown target "${raw}" for ${provider}.${formatHint(hint, true)}`;
+  return `Unknown target "${raw}" for ${provider}.${formatTargetHint(hint, true)}`;
 }
 
 export function unknownTargetError(provider: string, raw: string, hint?: string): Error {
   return new Error(unknownTargetMessage(provider, raw, hint));
 }
-
-function formatHint(hint?: string, withLabel = false): string {
-  if (!hint) return "";
-  return withLabel ? ` Hint: ${hint}` : ` ${hint}`;
-}
diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/target-format.ts b/src/infra/outbound/target-format.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..827d78a7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/target-format.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export function formatTargetHint(hint?: string, withLabel = false): string {
+  if (!hint) return "";
+  return withLabel ? ` Hint: ${hint}` : ` ${hint}`;
+}
diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/target-resolver.ts b/src/infra/outbound/target-resolver.ts
index e27db0eaa..ae587d667 100644
--- a/src/infra/outbound/target-resolver.ts
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/target-resolver.ts
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@ function resolveMatch(params: {
   return { kind: "ambiguous" as const, entries: matches };
 }
 
-function looksLikeTargetId(params: {
-  channel: ChannelId;
-  raw: string;
-  normalized: string;
-}): boolean {
-  const raw = params.raw.trim();
-  if (!raw) return false;
-  const plugin = getChannelPlugin(params.channel);
-  const lookup = plugin?.messaging?.targetResolver?.looksLikeId;
-  if (lookup) return lookup(raw, params.normalized);
-  if (/^(channel|group|user):/i.test(raw)) return true;
-  if (/^[@#]/.test(raw)) return true;
-  if (/^\+?\d{6,}$/.test(raw)) return true;
-  if (raw.includes("@thread")) return true;
-  if (/^(conversation|user):/i.test(raw)) return true;
-  return false;
-}
-
 async function listDirectoryEntries(params: {
   cfg: ClawdbotConfig;
   channel: ChannelId;
@@ -288,7 +270,19 @@ export async function resolveMessagingTarget(params: {
   const hint = plugin?.messaging?.targetResolver?.hint;
   const kind = detectTargetKind(raw, params.preferredKind);
   const normalized = normalizeTargetForProvider(params.channel, raw) ?? raw;
-  if (looksLikeTargetId({ channel: params.channel, raw, normalized })) {
+  const looksLikeTargetId = (): boolean => {
+    const trimmed = raw.trim();
+    if (!trimmed) return false;
+    const lookup = plugin?.messaging?.targetResolver?.looksLikeId;
+    if (lookup) return lookup(trimmed, normalized);
+    if (/^(channel|group|user):/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
+    if (/^[@#]/.test(trimmed)) return true;
+    if (/^\+?\d{6,}$/.test(trimmed)) return true;
+    if (trimmed.includes("@thread")) return true;
+    if (/^(conversation|user):/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
+    return false;
+  };
+  if (looksLikeTargetId()) {
     const directTarget = preserveTargetCase(params.channel, raw, normalized);
     return {
       ok: true,