diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 7e2b5fae3..6d340a5be 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 - Cron: accept ISO timestamps for one-shot schedules (UTC) and allow optional delete-after-run; wired into CLI + macOS editor.
 - Gateway: add Tailscale binary discovery, custom bind mode, and probe auth retry for password changes. (#740 — thanks @jeffersonwarrior)
 - Agents: add compaction mode config with optional safeguard summarization for long histories. (#700 — thanks @thewilloftheshadow)
+- Agents: support per-agent model fallbacks via `agents.list[].model`. (#583 — thanks @mitschabaude-bot)
 - Tools: add tool profiles plus group shorthands for tool policy allow/deny (global, per-agent, sandbox).
 - Thinking: allow xhigh for GPT-5.2 + Codex models and downgrade on unsupported switches. (#444 — thanks @grp06)
 
diff --git a/docs/gateway/configuration.md b/docs/gateway/configuration.md
index 2ec9444ce..87938edb6 100644
--- a/docs/gateway/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/gateway/configuration.md
@@ -569,7 +569,9 @@ Inbound messages are routed to an agent via bindings.
   - `name`: display name for the agent.
   - `workspace`: default `~/clawd-<agentId>` (for `main`, falls back to `agents.defaults.workspace`).
   - `agentDir`: default `~/.clawdbot/agents/<agentId>/agent`.
-  - `model`: per-agent default model (provider/model), overrides `agents.defaults.model` for that agent.
+  - `model`: per-agent default model, overrides `agents.defaults.model` for that agent.
+    - string form: `"provider/model"`, overrides only `agents.defaults.model.primary`
+    - object form: `{ primary, fallbacks }` (fallbacks override `agents.defaults.model.fallbacks`; `[]` disables global fallbacks for that agent)
   - `identity`: per-agent name/theme/emoji (used for mention patterns + ack reactions).
   - `groupChat`: per-agent mention-gating (`mentionPatterns`).
   - `sandbox`: per-agent sandbox config (overrides `agents.defaults.sandbox`).
diff --git a/src/agents/agent-scope.test.ts b/src/agents/agent-scope.test.ts
index 069b1c67a..585c7bca9 100644
--- a/src/agents/agent-scope.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/agent-scope.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../config/config.js";
-import { resolveAgentConfig } from "./agent-scope.js";
+import {
+  resolveAgentConfig,
+  resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride,
+  resolveAgentModelPrimary,
+} from "./agent-scope.js";
 
 describe("resolveAgentConfig", () => {
   it("should return undefined when no agents config exists", () => {
@@ -47,6 +51,68 @@ describe("resolveAgentConfig", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("supports per-agent model primary+fallbacks", () => {
+    const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {
+      agents: {
+        defaults: {
+          model: {
+            primary: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
+            fallbacks: ["openai/gpt-4.1"],
+          },
+        },
+        list: [
+          {
+            id: "linus",
+            model: {
+              primary: "anthropic/claude-opus-4",
+              fallbacks: ["openai/gpt-5.2"],
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    };
+
+    expect(resolveAgentModelPrimary(cfg, "linus")).toBe(
+      "anthropic/claude-opus-4",
+    );
+    expect(resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride(cfg, "linus")).toEqual([
+      "openai/gpt-5.2",
+    ]);
+
+    // If fallbacks isn't present, we don't override the global fallbacks.
+    const cfgNoOverride: ClawdbotConfig = {
+      agents: {
+        list: [
+          {
+            id: "linus",
+            model: {
+              primary: "anthropic/claude-opus-4",
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    };
+    expect(resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride(cfgNoOverride, "linus")).toBe(
+      undefined,
+    );
+
+    // Explicit empty list disables global fallbacks for that agent.
+    const cfgDisable: ClawdbotConfig = {
+      agents: {
+        list: [
+          {
+            id: "linus",
+            model: {
+              primary: "anthropic/claude-opus-4",
+              fallbacks: [],
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    };
+    expect(resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride(cfgDisable, "linus")).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
   it("should return agent-specific sandbox config", () => {
     const cfg: ClawdbotConfig = {
       agents: {
diff --git a/src/agents/agent-scope.ts b/src/agents/agent-scope.ts
index 4e9d9f2b2..fa32a5fd1 100644
--- a/src/agents/agent-scope.ts
+++ b/src/agents/agent-scope.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ type ResolvedAgentConfig = {
   name?: string;
   workspace?: string;
   agentDir?: string;
-  model?: string;
+  model?: AgentEntry["model"];
   memorySearch?: AgentEntry["memorySearch"];
   humanDelay?: AgentEntry["humanDelay"];
   identity?: AgentEntry["identity"];
@@ -95,7 +95,11 @@ export function resolveAgentConfig(
     workspace:
       typeof entry.workspace === "string" ? entry.workspace : undefined,
     agentDir: typeof entry.agentDir === "string" ? entry.agentDir : undefined,
-    model: typeof entry.model === "string" ? entry.model : undefined,
+    model:
+      typeof entry.model === "string" ||
+      (entry.model && typeof entry.model === "object")
+        ? entry.model
+        : undefined,
     memorySearch: entry.memorySearch,
     humanDelay: entry.humanDelay,
     identity: entry.identity,
@@ -109,6 +113,28 @@ export function resolveAgentConfig(
   };
 }
 
+export function resolveAgentModelPrimary(
+  cfg: ClawdbotConfig,
+  agentId: string,
+): string | undefined {
+  const raw = resolveAgentConfig(cfg, agentId)?.model;
+  if (!raw) return undefined;
+  if (typeof raw === "string") return raw.trim() || undefined;
+  const primary = raw.primary?.trim();
+  return primary || undefined;
+}
+
+export function resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride(
+  cfg: ClawdbotConfig,
+  agentId: string,
+): string[] | undefined {
+  const raw = resolveAgentConfig(cfg, agentId)?.model;
+  if (!raw || typeof raw === "string") return undefined;
+  // Important: treat an explicitly provided empty array as an override to disable global fallbacks.
+  if (!Object.hasOwn(raw, "fallbacks")) return undefined;
+  return Array.isArray(raw.fallbacks) ? raw.fallbacks : undefined;
+}
+
 export function resolveAgentWorkspaceDir(cfg: ClawdbotConfig, agentId: string) {
   const id = normalizeAgentId(agentId);
   const configured = resolveAgentConfig(cfg, id)?.workspace?.trim();
diff --git a/src/agents/model-fallback.test.ts b/src/agents/model-fallback.test.ts
index 17a8835c7..ea846eabb 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-fallback.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-fallback.test.ts
@@ -124,6 +124,106 @@ describe("runWithModelFallback", () => {
     expect(run.mock.calls[1]?.[1]).toBe("claude-haiku-3-5");
   });
 
+  it("does not append configured primary when fallbacksOverride is set", async () => {
+    const cfg = makeCfg({
+      agents: {
+        defaults: {
+          model: {
+            primary: "openai/gpt-4.1-mini",
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    const run = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockImplementation(() =>
+        Promise.reject(Object.assign(new Error("nope"), { status: 401 })),
+      );
+
+    await expect(
+      runWithModelFallback({
+        cfg,
+        provider: "anthropic",
+        model: "claude-opus-4-5",
+        fallbacksOverride: ["anthropic/claude-haiku-3-5"],
+        run,
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow("All models failed");
+
+    expect(run.mock.calls).toEqual([
+      ["anthropic", "claude-opus-4-5"],
+      ["anthropic", "claude-haiku-3-5"],
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("uses fallbacksOverride instead of agents.defaults.model.fallbacks", async () => {
+    const cfg = {
+      agents: {
+        defaults: {
+          model: {
+            fallbacks: ["openai/gpt-5.2"],
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    } as ClawdbotConfig;
+
+    const calls: Array<{ provider: string; model: string }> = [];
+
+    const res = await runWithModelFallback({
+      cfg,
+      provider: "anthropic",
+      model: "claude-opus-4-5",
+      fallbacksOverride: ["openai/gpt-4.1"],
+      run: async (provider, model) => {
+        calls.push({ provider, model });
+        if (provider === "anthropic") {
+          throw Object.assign(new Error("nope"), { status: 401 });
+        }
+        if (provider === "openai" && model === "gpt-4.1") {
+          return "ok";
+        }
+        throw new Error(`unexpected candidate: ${provider}/${model}`);
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(res.result).toBe("ok");
+    expect(calls).toEqual([
+      { provider: "anthropic", model: "claude-opus-4-5" },
+      { provider: "openai", model: "gpt-4.1" },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("treats an empty fallbacksOverride as disabling global fallbacks", async () => {
+    const cfg = {
+      agents: {
+        defaults: {
+          model: {
+            fallbacks: ["openai/gpt-5.2"],
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    } as ClawdbotConfig;
+
+    const calls: Array<{ provider: string; model: string }> = [];
+
+    await expect(
+      runWithModelFallback({
+        cfg,
+        provider: "anthropic",
+        model: "claude-opus-4-5",
+        fallbacksOverride: [],
+        run: async (provider, model) => {
+          calls.push({ provider, model });
+          throw new Error("primary failed");
+        },
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow("primary failed");
+
+    expect(calls).toEqual([
+      { provider: "anthropic", model: "claude-opus-4-5" },
+    ]);
+  });
+
   it("falls back on missing API key errors", async () => {
     const cfg = makeCfg();
     const run = vi
diff --git a/src/agents/model-fallback.ts b/src/agents/model-fallback.ts
index ed8188842..b61324388 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-fallback.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-fallback.ts
@@ -126,6 +126,8 @@ function resolveFallbackCandidates(params: {
   cfg: ClawdbotConfig | undefined;
   provider: string;
   model: string;
+  /** Optional explicit fallbacks list; when provided (even empty), replaces agents.defaults.model.fallbacks. */
+  fallbacksOverride?: string[];
 }): ModelCandidate[] {
   const provider = params.provider.trim() || DEFAULT_PROVIDER;
   const model = params.model.trim() || DEFAULT_MODEL;
@@ -159,6 +161,7 @@ function resolveFallbackCandidates(params: {
   addCandidate({ provider, model }, false);
 
   const modelFallbacks = (() => {
+    if (params.fallbacksOverride !== undefined) return params.fallbacksOverride;
     const model = params.cfg?.agents?.defaults?.model as
       | { fallbacks?: string[] }
       | string
@@ -177,7 +180,11 @@ function resolveFallbackCandidates(params: {
     addCandidate(resolved.ref, true);
   }
 
-  if (primary?.provider && primary.model) {
+  if (
+    params.fallbacksOverride === undefined &&
+    primary?.provider &&
+    primary.model
+  ) {
     addCandidate({ provider: primary.provider, model: primary.model }, false);
   }
 
@@ -188,6 +195,8 @@ export async function runWithModelFallback<T>(params: {
   cfg: ClawdbotConfig | undefined;
   provider: string;
   model: string;
+  /** Optional explicit fallbacks list; when provided (even empty), replaces agents.defaults.model.fallbacks. */
+  fallbacksOverride?: string[];
   run: (provider: string, model: string) => Promise<T>;
   onError?: (attempt: {
     provider: string;
@@ -202,7 +211,12 @@ export async function runWithModelFallback<T>(params: {
   model: string;
   attempts: FallbackAttempt[];
 }> {
-  const candidates = resolveFallbackCandidates(params);
+  const candidates = resolveFallbackCandidates({
+    cfg: params.cfg,
+    provider: params.provider,
+    model: params.model,
+    fallbacksOverride: params.fallbacksOverride,
+  });
   const attempts: FallbackAttempt[] = [];
   let lastError: unknown;
 
diff --git a/src/auto-reply/reply/agent-runner.ts b/src/auto-reply/reply/agent-runner.ts
index 018adeeb0..a25c55d92 100644
--- a/src/auto-reply/reply/agent-runner.ts
+++ b/src/auto-reply/reply/agent-runner.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import crypto from "node:crypto";
 import fs from "node:fs";
+import { resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride } from "../../agents/agent-scope.js";
 import { runCliAgent } from "../../agents/cli-runner.js";
 import { getCliSessionId, setCliSessionId } from "../../agents/cli-session.js";
 import { lookupContextTokens } from "../../agents/context.js";
@@ -394,6 +395,10 @@ export async function runReplyAgent(params: {
         cfg: followupRun.run.config,
         provider: followupRun.run.provider,
         model: followupRun.run.model,
+        fallbacksOverride: resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride(
+          followupRun.run.config,
+          resolveAgentIdFromSessionKey(followupRun.run.sessionKey),
+        ),
         run: (provider, model) =>
           runEmbeddedPiAgent({
             sessionId: followupRun.run.sessionId,
@@ -586,6 +591,10 @@ export async function runReplyAgent(params: {
           cfg: followupRun.run.config,
           provider: followupRun.run.provider,
           model: followupRun.run.model,
+          fallbacksOverride: resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride(
+            followupRun.run.config,
+            resolveAgentIdFromSessionKey(followupRun.run.sessionKey),
+          ),
           run: (provider, model) => {
             if (isCliProvider(provider, followupRun.run.config)) {
               const startedAt = Date.now();
diff --git a/src/auto-reply/reply/directive-handling.ts b/src/auto-reply/reply/directive-handling.ts
index 1ae1b0831..7b77a3f17 100644
--- a/src/auto-reply/reply/directive-handling.ts
+++ b/src/auto-reply/reply/directive-handling.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import {
-  resolveAgentConfig,
   resolveAgentDir,
+  resolveAgentModelPrimary,
   resolveDefaultAgentId,
   resolveSessionAgentId,
 } from "../../agents/agent-scope.js";
@@ -1629,7 +1629,7 @@ export function resolveDefaultModel(params: {
   aliasIndex: ModelAliasIndex;
 } {
   const agentModelOverride = params.agentId
-    ? resolveAgentConfig(params.cfg, params.agentId)?.model?.trim()
+    ? resolveAgentModelPrimary(params.cfg, params.agentId)
     : undefined;
   const cfg =
     agentModelOverride && agentModelOverride.length > 0
diff --git a/src/auto-reply/reply/followup-runner.ts b/src/auto-reply/reply/followup-runner.ts
index d5a240e32..e0ae80b8b 100644
--- a/src/auto-reply/reply/followup-runner.ts
+++ b/src/auto-reply/reply/followup-runner.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import crypto from "node:crypto";
+import { resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride } from "../../agents/agent-scope.js";
 import { lookupContextTokens } from "../../agents/context.js";
 import { DEFAULT_CONTEXT_TOKENS } from "../../agents/defaults.js";
 import { runWithModelFallback } from "../../agents/model-fallback.js";
 import { runEmbeddedPiAgent } from "../../agents/pi-embedded.js";
 import { hasNonzeroUsage } from "../../agents/usage.js";
 import {
+  resolveAgentIdFromSessionKey,
   type SessionEntry,
   updateSessionStoreEntry,
 } from "../../config/sessions.js";
@@ -136,6 +138,10 @@ export function createFollowupRunner(params: {
           cfg: queued.run.config,
           provider: queued.run.provider,
           model: queued.run.model,
+          fallbacksOverride: resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride(
+            queued.run.config,
+            resolveAgentIdFromSessionKey(queued.run.sessionKey),
+          ),
           run: (provider, model) =>
             runEmbeddedPiAgent({
               sessionId: queued.run.sessionId,
diff --git a/src/commands/agent.ts b/src/commands/agent.ts
index 1769fe976..875a9976e 100644
--- a/src/commands/agent.ts
+++ b/src/commands/agent.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import crypto from "node:crypto";
 import {
   resolveAgentDir,
+  resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride,
+  resolveAgentModelPrimary,
   resolveAgentWorkspaceDir,
 } from "../agents/agent-scope.js";
 import { ensureAuthProfileStore } from "../agents/auth-profiles.js";
@@ -345,9 +347,28 @@ export async function agentCommand(
     await saveSessionStore(storePath, sessionStore);
   }
 
+  const agentModelPrimary = resolveAgentModelPrimary(cfg, sessionAgentId);
+  const cfgForModelSelection = agentModelPrimary
+    ? {
+        ...cfg,
+        agents: {
+          ...cfg.agents,
+          defaults: {
+            ...cfg.agents?.defaults,
+            model: {
+              ...(typeof cfg.agents?.defaults?.model === "object"
+                ? cfg.agents.defaults.model
+                : undefined),
+              primary: agentModelPrimary,
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      }
+    : cfg;
+
   const { provider: defaultProvider, model: defaultModel } =
     resolveConfiguredModelRef({
-      cfg,
+      cfg: cfgForModelSelection,
       defaultProvider: DEFAULT_PROVIDER,
       defaultModel: DEFAULT_MODEL,
     });
@@ -477,6 +498,10 @@ export async function agentCommand(
       cfg,
       provider,
       model,
+      fallbacksOverride: resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride(
+        cfg,
+        sessionAgentId,
+      ),
       run: (providerOverride, modelOverride) => {
         if (isCliProvider(providerOverride, cfg)) {
           const cliSessionId = getCliSessionId(sessionEntry, providerOverride);
diff --git a/src/commands/agents.ts b/src/commands/agents.ts
index cc6d0eebc..0c33ac6a3 100644
--- a/src/commands/agents.ts
+++ b/src/commands/agents.ts
@@ -142,7 +142,15 @@ function resolveAgentModel(cfg: ClawdbotConfig, agentId: string) {
   const entry = listAgentEntries(cfg).find(
     (agent) => normalizeAgentId(agent.id) === normalizeAgentId(agentId),
   );
-  if (entry?.model?.trim()) return entry.model.trim();
+  if (entry?.model) {
+    if (typeof entry.model === "string" && entry.model.trim()) {
+      return entry.model.trim();
+    }
+    if (typeof entry.model === "object") {
+      const primary = entry.model.primary?.trim();
+      if (primary) return primary;
+    }
+  }
   const raw = cfg.agents?.defaults?.model;
   if (typeof raw === "string") return raw;
   return raw?.primary?.trim() || undefined;
diff --git a/src/commands/auth-choice.ts b/src/commands/auth-choice.ts
index 4bb6cce48..c1edddde9 100644
--- a/src/commands/auth-choice.ts
+++ b/src/commands/auth-choice.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { loginOpenAICodex, type OAuthCredentials } from "@mariozechner/pi-ai";
-import { resolveAgentConfig } from "../agents/agent-scope.js";
+import { resolveAgentModelPrimary } from "../agents/agent-scope.js";
 import {
   CLAUDE_CLI_PROFILE_ID,
   CODEX_CLI_PROFILE_ID,
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ export async function warnIfModelConfigLooksOff(
   options?: { agentId?: string; agentDir?: string },
 ) {
   const agentModelOverride = options?.agentId
-    ? resolveAgentConfig(config, options.agentId)?.model?.trim()
+    ? resolveAgentModelPrimary(config, options.agentId)
     : undefined;
   const configWithModel =
     agentModelOverride && agentModelOverride.length > 0
diff --git a/src/config/types.ts b/src/config/types.ts
index abc7a5ff5..ee5c261b8 100644
--- a/src/config/types.ts
+++ b/src/config/types.ts
@@ -1127,13 +1127,22 @@ export type ToolsConfig = {
   };
 };
 
+export type AgentModelConfig =
+  | string
+  | {
+      /** Primary model (provider/model). */
+      primary?: string;
+      /** Per-agent model fallbacks (provider/model). */
+      fallbacks?: string[];
+    };
+
 export type AgentConfig = {
   id: string;
   default?: boolean;
   name?: string;
   workspace?: string;
   agentDir?: string;
-  model?: string;
+  model?: AgentModelConfig;
   memorySearch?: MemorySearchConfig;
   /** Human-like delay between block replies for this agent. */
   humanDelay?: HumanDelayConfig;
diff --git a/src/config/zod-schema.ts b/src/config/zod-schema.ts
index fbb387c38..9287e49e7 100644
--- a/src/config/zod-schema.ts
+++ b/src/config/zod-schema.ts
@@ -940,14 +940,20 @@ const MemorySearchSchema = z
       .optional(),
   })
   .optional();
-
+const AgentModelSchema = z.union([
+  z.string(),
+  z.object({
+    primary: z.string().optional(),
+    fallbacks: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
+  }),
+]);
 const AgentEntrySchema = z.object({
   id: z.string(),
   default: z.boolean().optional(),
   name: z.string().optional(),
   workspace: z.string().optional(),
   agentDir: z.string().optional(),
-  model: z.string().optional(),
+  model: AgentModelSchema.optional(),
   memorySearch: MemorySearchSchema,
   humanDelay: HumanDelaySchema.optional(),
   identity: IdentitySchema,
diff --git a/src/cron/isolated-agent.ts b/src/cron/isolated-agent.ts
index bc22813ff..b0c651513 100644
--- a/src/cron/isolated-agent.ts
+++ b/src/cron/isolated-agent.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import crypto from "node:crypto";
 import {
   resolveAgentConfig,
+  resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride,
   resolveAgentWorkspaceDir,
   resolveDefaultAgentId,
 } from "../agents/agent-scope.js";
@@ -458,6 +459,10 @@ export async function runCronIsolatedAgentTurn(params: {
       cfg: cfgWithAgentDefaults,
       provider,
       model,
+      fallbacksOverride: resolveAgentModelFallbacksOverride(
+        params.cfg,
+        agentId,
+      ),
       run: (providerOverride, modelOverride) => {
         if (isCliProvider(providerOverride, cfgWithAgentDefaults)) {
           const cliSessionId = getCliSessionId(