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clawdbot/extensions/open-prose/skills/prose/examples/37-the-forge.prose
2026-01-23 00:49:40 +00:00

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# The Forge: Browser from Nothing
#
# Watch AI agents forge a working web browser from raw code.
# No frameworks. No shortcuts. Just Rust, a window, and fire.
#
# Target: A browser that can:
# - Fetch web pages over HTTPS
# - Parse HTML and CSS
# - Execute JavaScript
# - Render to a native window
#
# This is a multi-day build. The smith remembers everything.
#
# Usage: Just run it and watch a browser get built.
input test_url: "https://prose.md"
# =============================================================================
# THE FORGE: Where Browsers Are Born
# =============================================================================
#
# The Forge is simple: five agents, eight phases, one browser.
#
# The Forge is a straight
# pipeline. The Smith coordinates, specialists execute, tests validate.
# When each phase completes, we have something that works.
#
# The metaphor:
# - Smith: Master craftsman who sees the whole blade
# - Smelter: Extracts designs from specifications
# - Hammer: Shapes raw code into working metal
# - Quench: Tests and hardens (tempers) each piece
# - Crucible: Where the hardest work happens (the JS engine)
# =============================================================================
# AGENTS
# =============================================================================
# The Smith: Master craftsman, sees the whole blade
# Persists across the entire multi-day build
agent smith:
model: sonnet
persist: project
prompt: """
You are the Smith, master of The Forge.
You've built browsers before. You know every component, every tradeoff,
every place where corners can be cut and where they absolutely cannot.
Your role:
- Maintain the vision: a working browser from scratch
- Coordinate the specialists without micromanaging
- Make technical decisions when the path forks
- Track what's built and what remains
- Remember everything across sessions
You speak in the language of the forge: heat, metal, shaping, tempering.
But you mean code, architecture, implementation, testing.
The browser we're building:
- Language: Rust (for performance and safety)
- GUI: winit + softbuffer (minimal dependencies)
- Scope: Static HTML + CSS + JavaScript (no WebGL, no WebRTC)
- Goal: Render {test_url} correctly
Keep the fire hot. The blade is taking shape.
"""
# The Smelter: Turns specifications into designs
agent smelter:
model: opus
prompt: """
You are the Smelter. You extract pure design from the ore of specifications.
Your job: Read specs (W3C, ECMA, MDN), understand them deeply, and produce
clear technical designs that the Hammer can implement.
Your output:
- Data structures with Rust types
- Algorithms in pseudocode
- Interface boundaries
- Key edge cases to handle
You don't write implementation code. You write blueprints.
Make them precise enough that implementation is mechanical.
"""
# The Hammer: Shapes code into working components
agent hammer:
model: opus
prompt: """
You are the Hammer. You shape raw code into working metal.
Your job: Take the Smelter's designs and forge them into working Rust code.
Every line must compile. Every function must work. No pseudocode.
Your standards:
- Clean, idiomatic Rust
- Minimal unsafe blocks (document each one)
- No external dependencies except: winit, softbuffer
- Comprehensive error handling
- Clear module structure
You don't design. You don't test. You forge.
"""
# The Quench: Tests and hardens each piece
agent quench:
model: sonnet
prompt: """
You are the Quench. You temper the metal so it doesn't shatter.
Your job: Write tests that prove each component works. Find the edge cases.
Find the bugs. Find the places where the metal is weak.
Your process:
- Unit tests for each function
- Integration tests for each module
- Regression tests for each bug found
- Document what each test proves
When you find a flaw, report it clearly. The Hammer will fix it.
A blade that breaks is worse than no blade at all.
"""
# The Crucible: Where the hardest work happens (JS engine)
agent crucible:
model: opus
persist: true
prompt: """
You are the Crucible. The hottest part of The Forge.
Your domain: The JavaScript engine. The hardest component to build.
This requires understanding that the other agents don't have:
- Lexical scoping and closures
- Prototype chains
- The event loop
- Just enough of the spec to run real-world code
You work closely with the Smith. The JS engine will take multiple phases.
Your memory persists so you can build on what came before.
This is where browsers are born or die. Make it work.
"""
# =============================================================================
# PHASE 0: IGNITE THE FORGE
# =============================================================================
session: smith
prompt: """
The Forge ignites.
We're building a web browser from nothing. In Rust. With a GUI.
Including a JavaScript engine. This is not a toy - it will actually work.
Let me take stock of what we're about to create:
1. Networking: HTTP/HTTPS client
2. Parsing: HTML tokenizer, HTML parser, CSS tokenizer, CSS parser, JS lexer, JS parser
3. DOM: Document object model with all standard interfaces
4. CSSOM: CSS object model, selector matching, cascade
5. Style: Computed styles, inheritance, defaulting
6. Layout: Box model, block layout, inline layout, text layout
7. Paint: Display lists, rasterization
8. JavaScript: Lexer, parser, bytecode compiler, virtual machine, builtins
9. Bindings: DOM API exposed to JavaScript
10. Shell: Window, event loop, URL bar
This is months of work for a team. We'll do it in days.
First: set up the project structure.
"""
# Initialize the Rust project
session: hammer
prompt: """
Create the Rust project structure for the browser.
Commands to run:
```bash
cargo new browser --name browser
cd browser
```
Create Cargo.toml with dependencies:
- winit = "0.29" (windowing)
- softbuffer = "0.4" (pixel buffer)
- rustls = "0.23" (TLS, for HTTPS)
- url = "2" (URL parsing - this one's okay to use)
Create the module structure:
```
src/
main.rs # Entry point
lib.rs # Library root
net/ # Networking
mod.rs
http.rs
tls.rs
html/ # HTML parsing
mod.rs
tokenizer.rs
parser.rs
dom.rs
css/ # CSS parsing
mod.rs
tokenizer.rs
parser.rs
cssom.rs
selector.rs
style/ # Style resolution
mod.rs
cascade.rs
computed.rs
layout/ # Layout engine
mod.rs
box_model.rs
block.rs
inline.rs
text.rs
paint/ # Painting
mod.rs
display_list.rs
rasterizer.rs
js/ # JavaScript engine
mod.rs
lexer.rs
parser.rs
ast.rs
compiler.rs
vm.rs
value.rs
builtins.rs
gc.rs
bindings/ # JS-DOM bindings
mod.rs
document.rs
element.rs
console.rs
shell/ # Browser shell
mod.rs
window.rs
events.rs
```
Create stub files for each module. Ensure `cargo build` succeeds.
"""
session: quench
prompt: """
Verify the project is set up correctly:
1. Run `cargo build` - must succeed
2. Run `cargo test` - must succeed (even with no tests yet)
3. Verify all modules are properly linked from lib.rs
Report any issues.
"""
resume: smith
prompt: "Project structure complete. The forge is lit. Moving to Phase 1."
# =============================================================================
# PHASE 1: NETWORKING - The Ore
# =============================================================================
session: smith
prompt: """
Phase 1: Networking
Before we can render a page, we must fetch it. The networking layer is
the ore we'll smelt into a browser.
We need:
- HTTP/1.1 client (GET requests, headers, redirects)
- TLS support via rustls
- Chunked transfer encoding
- Basic cookie handling (just enough to work)
This is the foundation. No browser without bytes from the network.
"""
let http_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the HTTP client.
Reference: RFC 9110 (HTTP Semantics), RFC 9112 (HTTP/1.1)
Design:
1. Connection management (keep-alive, pooling)
2. Request building (method, URL, headers, body)
3. Response parsing (status, headers, body)
4. Redirect following (3xx responses)
5. Chunked transfer-encoding
6. TLS via rustls
Output Rust types for:
- HttpRequest
- HttpResponse
- HttpClient
- Error types
Keep it minimal but correct. We're not building curl.
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the HTTP client.
Files:
- src/net/mod.rs
- src/net/http.rs
- src/net/tls.rs
Follow the design. Handle errors properly. Make it work.
Test manually: fetch https://example.com and print the body.
"""
context: http_design
session: quench
prompt: """
Test the HTTP client:
1. Fetch http://example.com (no TLS)
2. Fetch https://example.com (with TLS)
3. Test redirect following (http → https)
4. Test chunked encoding
5. Test error cases (bad host, timeout, etc.)
Write tests in src/net/tests.rs. Run them.
"""
loop until **all networking tests pass** (max: 5):
if **there are test failures**:
session: hammer
prompt: "Fix the networking bugs found in testing."
session: quench
prompt: "Re-run networking tests."
resume: smith
prompt: "Phase 1 complete. We can fetch pages. The ore is ready."
# =============================================================================
# PHASE 2: HTML PARSING - The Smelt
# =============================================================================
resume: smith
prompt: """
Phase 2: HTML Parsing
Raw HTML is just text. We need to smelt it into a Document Object Model.
Two stages:
1. Tokenizer: HTML text → Tokens (start tag, end tag, text, comment, etc.)
2. Parser: Tokens → DOM tree
The HTML5 spec is complex, but we can simplify:
- Handle well-formed HTML (don't worry about error recovery)
- Support common elements: html, head, body, div, span, p, a, img, script, style
- Parse attributes correctly
- Handle self-closing tags
- Handle text content
This is where the raw ore becomes workable metal.
"""
let html_tokenizer_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the HTML tokenizer.
Reference: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/parsing.html#tokenization
Simplified state machine:
- Data state (default)
- Tag open state
- Tag name state
- Attribute name state
- Attribute value state (quoted and unquoted)
- Self-closing state
- Comment state
Tokens:
- DOCTYPE
- StartTag { name, attributes, self_closing }
- EndTag { name }
- Character { data }
- Comment { data }
- EndOfFile
Output Rust types and state machine transitions.
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the HTML tokenizer.
File: src/html/tokenizer.rs
Create a streaming tokenizer that yields tokens.
Handle:
- Basic tags: <div>, </div>
- Attributes: <div class="foo" id="bar">
- Self-closing: <br/>, <img src="x"/>
- Text content
- Comments: <!-- comment -->
- Script/style raw text mode
Make it work for real HTML from example.com.
"""
context: html_tokenizer_design
let html_parser_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the HTML parser (tree builder).
Input: Token stream
Output: DOM tree
DOM types:
- Document (root)
- Element { tag_name, attributes, children }
- Text { content }
- Comment { content }
Tree building algorithm (simplified):
- Maintain stack of open elements
- On StartTag: create element, push to stack, append to parent
- On EndTag: pop from stack (with simple matching)
- On Character: create/extend text node, append to current element
- On Comment: create comment, append to current element
Handle implicit closing (</p> can close <p>).
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the HTML parser.
File: src/html/parser.rs
File: src/html/dom.rs
DOM types go in dom.rs. Parser goes in parser.rs.
Create:
- Node enum (Document, Element, Text, Comment)
- Element struct with children, parent references (use indices, not Rc)
- Document struct that owns all nodes
- Parser that builds the tree
Handle the quirks: <p> closing, void elements, etc.
"""
context: html_parser_design
session: quench
prompt: """
Test HTML parsing:
Test cases:
1. Minimal: <html><head></head><body>Hello</body></html>
2. Nested: <div><div><div>Deep</div></div></div>
3. Attributes: <a href="https://example.com" class="link">Link</a>
4. Self-closing: <br/><img src="x"/><input type="text"/>
5. Comments: <!-- this is a comment -->
6. Text nodes: <p>Hello <strong>world</strong>!</p>
7. Real page: parse the HTML from https://example.com
Write tests. Verify the DOM tree is correct.
"""
loop until **all HTML parsing tests pass** (max: 5):
if **there are test failures**:
session: hammer
prompt: "Fix the HTML parsing bugs."
session: quench
prompt: "Re-run HTML parsing tests."
resume: smith
prompt: "Phase 2 complete. We can parse HTML into a DOM. The smelt is done."
# =============================================================================
# PHASE 3: CSS PARSING - The Alloy
# =============================================================================
resume: smith
prompt: """
Phase 3: CSS Parsing
A DOM without styles is shapeless metal. CSS gives it form.
Two stages:
1. Tokenizer: CSS text → Tokens
2. Parser: Tokens → Stylesheet (rules, selectors, declarations)
We need enough CSS to render real pages:
- Type selectors: div, p, a
- Class selectors: .class
- ID selectors: #id
- Combinators: descendant, child, sibling
- Properties: display, color, background, margin, padding, border, width, height, font-size
This is the alloy that strengthens the blade.
"""
let css_tokenizer_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the CSS tokenizer.
Reference: https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#tokenization
Token types:
- Ident
- Function
- AtKeyword
- Hash
- String
- Number
- Dimension
- Percentage
- Whitespace
- Colon, Semicolon, Comma
- Braces, Parens, Brackets
- Delim (any other character)
Output Rust types and tokenization rules.
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the CSS tokenizer.
File: src/css/tokenizer.rs
Handle real CSS syntax including:
- Identifiers: color, background-color
- Numbers: 10, 3.14, -5
- Dimensions: 10px, 2em, 100%
- Strings: "hello", 'world'
- Hash: #fff, #header
- Functions: rgb(255, 0, 0)
"""
context: css_tokenizer_design
let css_parser_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the CSS parser.
CSSOM types:
- Stylesheet { rules }
- Rule { selectors, declarations }
- Selector (type, class, id, combinator)
- Declaration { property, value }
- Value (keyword, length, color, number, etc.)
Parser produces a Stylesheet from the token stream.
Selector parsing:
- Simple: div, .class, #id
- Compound: div.class#id
- Complex: div > p, div p, div + p, div ~ p
Declaration parsing:
- Property: identifier
- Value: sequence of tokens until ; or }
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the CSS parser.
File: src/css/parser.rs
File: src/css/cssom.rs
Handle:
- Rule sets: selector { declarations }
- Multiple selectors: h1, h2, h3 { ... }
- Various value types: keywords, lengths, colors, functions
- Shorthand properties (margin: 10px = all four sides)
"""
context: css_parser_design
session: quench
prompt: """
Test CSS parsing:
Test cases:
1. Simple rule: div { color: red; }
2. Multiple selectors: h1, h2 { font-size: 24px; }
3. Class and ID: .class { } #id { }
4. Combinators: div > p { }, div p { }
5. Complex values: margin: 10px 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);
6. Real stylesheet: parse a basic CSS file
Write tests. Verify the CSSOM is correct.
"""
loop until **all CSS parsing tests pass** (max: 5):
if **there are test failures**:
session: hammer
prompt: "Fix the CSS parsing bugs."
session: quench
prompt: "Re-run CSS parsing tests."
resume: smith
prompt: "Phase 3 complete. We can parse CSS. The alloy is mixed."
# =============================================================================
# PHASE 4: STYLE RESOLUTION - The Shape
# =============================================================================
resume: smith
prompt: """
Phase 4: Style Resolution
We have a DOM. We have styles. Now we must match them.
For each element in the DOM:
1. Find all rules whose selectors match this element
2. Apply the cascade (specificity, order)
3. Inherit from parent where appropriate
4. Apply default values for anything unset
This gives us a "computed style" for every element.
This is where the blade takes its shape.
"""
let style_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the style resolution system.
Components:
1. Selector matching: does this selector match this element?
2. Specificity calculation: (id count, class count, type count)
3. Cascade: sort matching rules by specificity, then order
4. Inheritance: some properties inherit (color), some don't (border)
5. Initial values: defaults for unset properties
ComputedStyle struct:
- display: DisplayType (block, inline, none)
- position: Position (static, relative, absolute)
- width, height: Dimension (auto, length)
- margin, padding, border: Sides<Dimension>
- color, background_color: Color
- font_size: Length
- (add more as needed)
The matcher should be efficient - it runs for every element.
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement style resolution.
File: src/css/selector.rs (selector matching)
File: src/style/cascade.rs (cascade and specificity)
File: src/style/computed.rs (ComputedStyle and inheritance)
Create:
- SelectorMatcher that can test if a selector matches an element
- Specificity calculation
- Cascade resolver that takes DOM + Stylesheets → styled DOM
- Inheritance and default values
"""
context: style_design
session: quench
prompt: """
Test style resolution:
Test cases:
1. Type selector matches: div matches <div>
2. Class selector: .foo matches <div class="foo">
3. ID selector: #bar matches <div id="bar">
4. Specificity: #id beats .class beats type
5. Cascade order: later rule wins at equal specificity
6. Inheritance: color inherits, border doesn't
7. Defaults: display defaults to inline for span, block for div
Write tests with DOM + CSS → expected computed styles.
"""
loop until **all style resolution tests pass** (max: 5):
if **there are test failures**:
session: hammer
prompt: "Fix the style resolution bugs."
session: quench
prompt: "Re-run style resolution tests."
resume: smith
prompt: "Phase 4 complete. Elements have computed styles. The shape emerges."
# =============================================================================
# PHASE 5: LAYOUT - The Forge
# =============================================================================
resume: smith
prompt: """
Phase 5: Layout
The heart of a browser. Where the real forging happens.
Layout takes a styled DOM and produces a "layout tree" - boxes with
positions and sizes in pixels.
Components:
1. Box generation: DOM elements → layout boxes
2. Block layout: vertical stacking with margins
3. Inline layout: horizontal flow with line breaking
4. Text layout: measuring and positioning text
This is complex. We'll start simple:
- Block layout only (no inline/text initially)
- Then add inline and text
The blade is taking its final form.
"""
let layout_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the layout engine.
Box types:
- BlockBox: vertical stacking (div, p, etc.)
- InlineBox: horizontal flow (span, a, etc.)
- TextRun: actual text content
- AnonymousBlock: for mixed block/inline content
LayoutBox struct:
- box_type: BoxType
- dimensions: Dimensions { content, padding, border, margin }
- position: Point { x, y }
- children: Vec<LayoutBox>
Layout algorithm (simplified):
1. Build box tree from styled DOM
2. Block layout:
- Calculate available width from parent
- Layout children top-to-bottom
- Height is sum of children heights (or specified)
- Handle margin collapsing
3. Inline layout:
- Flow boxes horizontally
- Break lines when exceeding width
- Vertical alignment within lines
Output the types and algorithms.
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the layout engine.
File: src/layout/box_model.rs (box types and dimensions)
File: src/layout/block.rs (block layout)
File: src/layout/inline.rs (inline layout)
File: src/layout/text.rs (text measurement)
File: src/layout/mod.rs (main entry point)
Start with block layout only. Make nested divs work.
Then add inline and text.
Viewport size: 800x600 for now (we'll make it dynamic later).
"""
context: layout_design
session: quench
prompt: """
Test layout:
Test cases:
1. Single div with fixed width/height
2. Nested divs (parent constrains child)
3. Auto width (fills parent)
4. Auto height (fits content)
5. Margin, padding, border (box model)
6. Margin collapsing between siblings
7. Block in inline (anonymous block generation)
Verify box positions and dimensions are correct.
"""
loop until **all layout tests pass** (max: 5):
if **there are test failures**:
session: hammer
prompt: "Fix the layout bugs."
session: quench
prompt: "Re-run layout tests."
resume: smith
prompt: "Phase 5 complete. We have a layout tree. The blade is forged."
# =============================================================================
# PHASE 6: PAINTING - The Polish
# =============================================================================
resume: smith
prompt: """
Phase 6: Painting
The blade is forged. Now we polish it to a mirror shine.
Painting turns a layout tree into pixels:
1. Build a display list (paint commands)
2. Rasterize the display list to a pixel buffer
3. Show the pixel buffer on screen
We're using softbuffer for direct pixel access. No GPU acceleration.
Simple but it works.
"""
let paint_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the painting system.
Display list commands:
- FillRect { rect, color }
- DrawBorder { rect, widths, colors }
- DrawText { text, position, font_size, color }
- PushClip { rect }
- PopClip
Rasterizer:
- Input: display list + viewport size
- Output: pixel buffer (Vec<u32> in ARGB format)
For text, use a simple bitmap font (8x16 pixels per character).
We don't need fancy fonts for MVP.
Paint order:
1. Background
2. Borders
3. Text/content
4. Children (recursive)
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the painting system.
File: src/paint/display_list.rs (display list types)
File: src/paint/rasterizer.rs (pixel buffer rendering)
File: src/paint/font.rs (simple bitmap font)
Create:
- DisplayList with paint commands
- Build display list from layout tree
- Rasterize display list to ARGB pixel buffer
- Simple 8x16 bitmap font for ASCII text
"""
context: paint_design
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the window system.
File: src/shell/window.rs (winit + softbuffer integration)
File: src/shell/events.rs (event handling)
File: src/main.rs (main entry point)
Create a window that:
1. Opens with winit
2. Gets a pixel buffer with softbuffer
3. Renders our pixel buffer to the window
4. Handles close events
Test: draw a colored rectangle on screen.
"""
session: quench
prompt: """
Test painting:
Test cases:
1. Solid color background
2. Nested boxes with different colors
3. Borders (all four sides)
4. Text rendering (basic ASCII)
5. Full pipeline: HTML → DOM → Style → Layout → Paint → Window
The window should show something! Verify visually.
"""
loop until **the painting pipeline works** (max: 5):
if **there are issues**:
session: hammer
prompt: "Fix the painting issues."
session: quench
prompt: "Re-test painting."
resume: smith
prompt: "Phase 6 complete. We can render to a window. The blade shines."
# =============================================================================
# PHASE 7: JAVASCRIPT - The Fire
# =============================================================================
resume: smith
prompt: """
Phase 7: JavaScript
This is where browsers separate from mere HTML viewers.
The JavaScript engine is the fire that brings the blade to life.
We're not building V8. We're building something that works:
- Lexer: JS source → tokens
- Parser: tokens → AST
- Compiler: AST → bytecode
- VM: execute bytecode
- Builtins: Object, Array, Function, String, Number, console.log
This is the hottest part of The Forge. The Crucible takes the lead.
"""
# The Crucible handles the JS engine
session: crucible
prompt: """
The Crucible fires up for the JavaScript engine.
We're building a JS interpreter in Rust. Not a JIT compiler - just
an interpreter. But it needs to run real JavaScript.
Scope:
- Variables: let, const, var
- Functions: declaration, expression, arrow
- Objects: literals, property access, methods
- Arrays: literals, indexing, methods
- Control flow: if, for, while, switch
- Operators: arithmetic, comparison, logical
- Strings and numbers
- console.log for output
- Basic DOM manipulation (later)
What we're NOT building:
- Classes (use prototypes directly)
- async/await, generators, promises
- Regular expressions (skip for MVP)
- Modules (single script only)
Let's start with the lexer.
"""
let js_lexer_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the JavaScript lexer.
Reference: ECMA-262 (but simplified)
Token types:
- Identifiers: foo, bar, console
- Keywords: let, const, var, function, if, else, for, while, return, etc.
- Literals: numbers (42, 3.14), strings ("hello"), booleans (true, false), null
- Operators: + - * / % = == === != !== < > <= >= && || ! ++ --
- Punctuation: ( ) { } [ ] ; , . : ?
- Comments: // and /* */
Handle:
- Unicode identifiers (at least ASCII letters)
- Automatic semicolon insertion (ASI) - track newlines
Output token types and lexer state machine.
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the JavaScript lexer.
File: src/js/lexer.rs
Create a lexer that produces tokens from JS source.
Handle all the token types from the design.
Track line/column for error messages.
"""
context: js_lexer_design
let js_parser_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the JavaScript parser.
Reference: ECMA-262 (simplified)
AST node types:
- Program { statements }
- Statements: VarDecl, FunctionDecl, ExprStmt, If, For, While, Return, Block
- Expressions: Identifier, Literal, Binary, Unary, Call, Member, Assignment, Object, Array, Function
Parser approach: recursive descent (Pratt parsing for expressions)
Handle:
- Operator precedence
- Associativity
- Expression vs statement context
- Function hoisting (not strict mode)
Output AST types and parser structure.
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the JavaScript parser.
File: src/js/parser.rs
File: src/js/ast.rs
Create AST types in ast.rs.
Create recursive descent parser in parser.rs.
Use Pratt parsing for expression precedence.
Test: parse console.log("Hello, World!");
"""
context: js_parser_design
resume: crucible
prompt: """
Lexer and parser are done. Now the real work: execution.
We have two choices:
1. Tree-walking interpreter (simple but slow)
2. Bytecode compiler + VM (more complex but faster)
We'll do bytecode. It's more interesting and teaches more.
Components:
- Value type: JS values (number, string, object, function, etc.)
- Compiler: AST → bytecode
- VM: execute bytecode with a stack
- Heap: objects live here
- GC: garbage collection (mark-sweep is fine)
"""
let js_value_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design JavaScript value representation.
Value enum (NaN-boxed or tagged union):
- Number(f64)
- String(StringId)
- Boolean(bool)
- Null
- Undefined
- Object(ObjectId)
- Function(FunctionId)
Object representation (property map):
- properties: HashMap<String, Value>
- prototype: Option<ObjectId>
Function representation:
- kind: Native | Bytecode
- bytecode: Vec<u8> (if bytecode)
- native: fn pointer (if native)
- closure: captured variables
String interning for memory efficiency.
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement JavaScript values.
File: src/js/value.rs
File: src/js/gc.rs (simple mark-sweep GC)
Create:
- Value enum with all JS types
- Object struct with properties and prototype
- Heap that owns all objects
- Simple mark-sweep garbage collector
The GC doesn't need to be fancy. Just functional.
"""
context: js_value_design
let js_bytecode_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the bytecode instruction set.
Opcodes (stack-based VM):
- Constants: LoadConst, LoadTrue, LoadFalse, LoadNull, LoadUndefined
- Variables: GetLocal, SetLocal, GetGlobal, SetGlobal
- Objects: GetProperty, SetProperty, CreateObject, CreateArray
- Arithmetic: Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Mod, Neg
- Comparison: Eq, StrictEq, Lt, Lte, Gt, Gte
- Logic: Not, And, Or
- Control: Jump, JumpIfFalse, JumpIfTrue
- Functions: Call, Return, CreateFunction
- Stack: Pop, Dup
Bytecode format:
- 1 byte opcode
- Variable-length operands
Compiler output:
- bytecode: Vec<u8>
- constants: Vec<Value>
- local_count: usize
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the bytecode compiler.
File: src/js/compiler.rs
Compile AST to bytecode.
Handle:
- Variable declarations and scoping
- Function declarations and expressions
- Control flow (if, for, while)
- Operators
- Function calls
- Property access
Output: CompiledFunction { bytecode, constants, local_count }
"""
context: js_bytecode_design
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the JavaScript VM.
File: src/js/vm.rs
Stack-based virtual machine that executes bytecode.
Components:
- Value stack
- Call stack (frames)
- Global object
- Heap for objects
Execute each opcode. Handle errors gracefully.
Test: run console.log("Hello from JS!");
"""
context: js_bytecode_design
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement JavaScript builtins.
File: src/js/builtins.rs
Essential builtins:
- Object: Object.keys(), Object.values()
- Array: push, pop, shift, unshift, map, filter, forEach, length
- String: length, charAt, substring, indexOf, split
- Number: toString, toFixed
- console: log, error, warn
- Math: floor, ceil, round, random, max, min
Each builtin is a native function. Register them on the global object.
"""
session: quench
prompt: """
Test the JavaScript engine:
Test cases:
1. Variables: let x = 10; console.log(x);
2. Functions: function add(a, b) { return a + b; } console.log(add(2, 3));
3. Objects: let o = { x: 1 }; console.log(o.x);
4. Arrays: let a = [1, 2, 3]; console.log(a.length);
5. Control flow: if (true) { console.log("yes"); }
6. Loops: for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) { console.log(i); }
7. Closures: function outer() { let x = 10; return function() { return x; }; }
8. Methods: [1,2,3].map(x => x * 2)
Run each test. Verify correct output.
"""
loop until **the JS engine passes all tests** (max: 10):
if **there are test failures**:
resume: crucible
prompt: "Analyze and fix the JS engine bugs."
session: hammer
prompt: "Implement the fixes."
context: crucible
session: quench
prompt: "Re-run JS tests."
resume: smith
prompt: """
Phase 7 complete. We have a working JavaScript engine.
The fire burns bright. The blade lives.
"""
# =============================================================================
# PHASE 8: DOM BINDINGS - The Handle
# =============================================================================
resume: smith
prompt: """
Phase 8: DOM Bindings
JavaScript without DOM access is just a calculator.
We need to expose the DOM to our JS engine.
Essential APIs:
- document.getElementById()
- document.querySelector()
- element.innerHTML
- element.style
- element.addEventListener()
- element.appendChild()
This connects the fire to the blade. The handle that makes it usable.
"""
let bindings_design = session: smelter
prompt: """
Design the DOM bindings.
Bridge between JS values and DOM nodes:
- Each DOM node gets a corresponding JS object
- JS object has properties/methods that call back into Rust DOM
- Changes to DOM trigger re-style/re-layout/re-paint
Key bindings:
- window object (global)
- document object
- Element objects
- Event objects
document methods:
- getElementById(id) → Element | null
- querySelector(selector) → Element | null
- createElement(tag) → Element
Element properties/methods:
- innerHTML (get/set)
- style (get/set)
- children, parentElement
- getAttribute, setAttribute
- appendChild, removeChild
- addEventListener(event, handler)
Event system:
- Event object: type, target, preventDefault, stopPropagation
- Event dispatch: capture → target → bubble
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement DOM bindings.
File: src/bindings/mod.rs
File: src/bindings/document.rs
File: src/bindings/element.rs
File: src/bindings/console.rs
Create JS wrappers for DOM nodes.
Wire them up to the actual DOM.
Handle the bidirectional sync.
Test: document.getElementById('test').innerHTML = 'Modified';
"""
context: bindings_design
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the event system.
File: src/bindings/events.rs
File: src/shell/events.rs (update for DOM events)
Handle:
- addEventListener/removeEventListener
- Event dispatch (click, etc.)
- Event object creation
- Handler invocation through JS VM
Wire window events (from winit) to DOM events.
"""
session: quench
prompt: """
Test DOM bindings:
Test cases:
1. document.getElementById() returns correct element
2. element.innerHTML read/write works
3. element.style.color = 'red' changes computed style
4. addEventListener + click event handler runs
5. appendChild adds child to DOM
6. createElement + appendChild creates new elements
Verify DOM mutations trigger re-render.
"""
loop until **DOM bindings work** (max: 5):
if **there are issues**:
session: hammer
prompt: "Fix the DOM binding issues."
session: quench
prompt: "Re-test DOM bindings."
resume: smith
prompt: "Phase 8 complete. JavaScript can manipulate the DOM. The handle is attached."
# =============================================================================
# PHASE 9: INTEGRATION - The Tempering
# =============================================================================
resume: smith
prompt: """
Phase 9: Integration
All the pieces exist. Now we temper them into one unified blade.
The full pipeline:
1. User enters URL
2. Fetch HTML over HTTPS
3. Parse HTML into DOM
4. Find and parse CSS (inline styles, <style> tags)
5. Find and execute JS (<script> tags)
6. Resolve styles
7. Compute layout
8. Paint to pixel buffer
9. Display in window
10. Handle events → JS → DOM changes → re-render
This is the final tempering. The blade becomes a weapon.
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Implement the browser integration.
File: src/lib.rs (main browser struct)
File: src/main.rs (entry point)
Create Browser struct that:
1. Takes a URL
2. Orchestrates the full pipeline
3. Maintains state (DOM, styles, layout)
4. Handles incremental updates
5. Runs the event loop
Create the main loop:
- Process window events
- Dispatch DOM events
- Run pending JS
- Re-layout if needed
- Re-paint if needed
- Present frame
"""
session: hammer
prompt: """
Add a URL bar.
File: src/shell/chrome.rs
Simple browser chrome:
- URL bar at top (text input)
- Go button
- Basic keyboard: Enter to navigate
- Display current URL
Paint the chrome above the page content.
Handle text input for the URL bar.
"""
session: quench
prompt: """
Integration test:
1. Launch browser with {test_url}
2. Page should fetch, parse, render
3. Any JS on the page should execute
4. Click events should work
5. Type new URL and navigate
6. Verify no crashes, memory leaks, or visual glitches
This is the moment of truth.
"""
loop until **the browser works end-to-end** (max: 10):
if **there are issues**:
resume: smith
prompt: "Diagnose the integration issues. What's broken?"
session: hammer
prompt: "Fix the integration issues."
context: smith
session: quench
prompt: "Re-run integration tests."
# =============================================================================
# THE BLADE IS COMPLETE
# =============================================================================
resume: smith
prompt: """
The Forge falls silent.
The blade is complete.
We have built a web browser from nothing:
- Networking: HTTPS client from scratch
- Parsing: HTML, CSS, JavaScript parsers
- DOM: Full document object model
- Style: CSS cascade and computed styles
- Layout: Block and inline layout engine
- Paint: Display list rasterization
- JavaScript: Lexer, parser, compiler, VM, GC
- Bindings: DOM API exposed to JS
- Shell: Native window with event handling
This browser can:
- Fetch pages over HTTPS
- Parse and render HTML + CSS
- Execute JavaScript
- Handle user interaction
- Navigate to new URLs
It is not Chrome. It is not Firefox. It is ours.
Forged from nothing. By fire. In The Forge.
Run it: cargo run -- {test_url}
The blade awaits its first cut.
"""
output browser = session: hammer
prompt: """
Create a README.md for the browser:
# Browser
A web browser built from scratch in Rust.
## Features
- HTTP/HTTPS networking
- HTML5 parsing
- CSS parsing and cascade
- JavaScript engine (interpreter)
- Layout engine (block + inline)
- Native window rendering
## Building
```
cargo build --release
```
## Running
```
cargo run --release -- https://example.com
```
## Architecture
[Brief description of each module]
## Limitations
[What doesn't work yet]
## Forged in The Forge
This browser was created by AI agents coordinating through OpenProse.
"""
session: smith
prompt: """
Final inventory of The Forge:
Files created: [list all .rs files]
Lines of code: [count]
Components: [list all major components]
Test coverage: [summary]
The forge cools. The blade rests. Ready for use.
🔥 END TRANSMISSION 🔥
"""